Category: Signal Processing

Faster and better sparse blind source separation through mini-batch optimization

Faster and better sparse blind source separation through mini-batch optimization

Posted on by Jean-Luc Starck

Sparse Blind Source Separation (sBSS) plays a key role in scientific domains as different as biomedical imaging, remote sensing or astrophysics, which require the development of increasingly faster and scalable BSS methods without sacrificing the separation performances. To that end, a new distributed sparse BSS algorithm is introduced based on a mini-batch ex-tension of the Generalized Morphological Component Analysis algorithm (GMCA). Precisely, it combines a robust projected alternate least-squares method with mini-batches optimization. The originality further lies in the use of a manifold-based aggregation of asynchronously estimated mixing ma- trices. Numerical experiments are carried out on realistic spectroscopic spectra, and highlight the ability of the proposed distributed GMCA (dGMCA) to provide very good separation results even when very small mini-batches are used. Quite unexpectedly, it can further outperform the (non-distributed) state-of-the-art methods for highly sparse sources.

Reference: Christophe Kervazo, Tobias Liaudat and Jérôme Bobin.
“Faster and better sparse blind source separation through mini-batch optimization”, Digital Signal Processing, Elsevier, 2020.

DSP Elsevier, HAL.

Semi-supervised dictionary learning with graph regularization and active points

Semi-supervised dictionary learning with graph regularization and active points

Posted on by Jean-Luc Starck

 

Authors: Khanh-Hung Tran,  Fred-Maurice Ngole-Mboula, J-L. Starck
Journal: SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences
Year: 2020
DOI: 10.1137/19M1285469
Download: arXiv

Abstract

Supervised Dictionary Learning has gained much interest in the recent decade and has shown significant performance improvements in image classification. However, in general, supervised learning needs a large number of labelled samples per class to achieve an acceptable result. In order to deal with databases which have just a few labelled samples per class, semi-supervised learning, which also exploits unlabelled samples in training phase is used. Indeed, unlabelled samples can help to regularize the learning model, yielding an improvement of classification accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new semi-supervised dictionary learning method based on two pillars: on one hand, we enforce manifold structure preservation from the original data into sparse code space using Locally Linear Embedding, which can be considered a regularization of sparse code; on the other hand, we train a semi-supervised classifier in sparse code space. We show that our approach provides an improvement over state-of-the-art semi-supervised dictionary learning methods
.

New BSS paper accepted in IEEE TSP

New BSS paper accepted in IEEE TSP

Posted on by Jean-Luc Starck

The paper “Sparsity and adaptivity for the blind separation of partially correlated sources” has just been accepted to IEEE Tr. on Signal Processing.

This article introduces a new blind source separation that can unmix sparse sources that exhibit partial correlations. It paves the way for building BSS solvers under weaker separability conditions. 

 

PhD defense of Jérémy Rapin today at CEA Saclay

Posted on by Jean-Luc Starck

Title : Sparse decompositions for advanced data analysis of hyperspectral data in biological applications

 

Abstract : Blind source separation aims at extracting unknown source signals from observations where these sources are mixed together by an unknown process. However, this very generic and non-supervised approach does not always provide exploitable results. Therefore, it is often necessary to add more constraints, generally arising from physical considerations, in order to favor the recovery of sources with a particular sought-after structure. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), which is the main focus of this thesis, aims at searching for non-negative sources which are observed through non-negative linear mixtures.

In some cases, further information still remains necessary in order to correctly separate the sources. Here, we focus on the sparsity concept, which helps improving the contrast between the sources, while providing very robust approaches, even when the data are contaminated by noise. We show that in order to obtain stable solutions, the non-negativity and sparse constraints must be applied adequately. In addition, using sparsity in a potentially redundant transformed domain could allow to capture the structure of most of natural image, but this kind of regularization proves difficult to apply together with the non-negativity constraint in the direct domain. We therefore propose a sparse NMF algorithm, named nGMCA (non-negative Generalized Morphological Component Analysis), which overcomes these difficulties by making use of proximal calculus techniques. Experiments on simulated data show that this algorithm is robust to additive Gaussian noise contamination, with an automatic control of the sparsity parameter. This novel algorithm also proves to be more efficient and robust than other state-of-the-art NMF algorithms on realistic data.

Finally, we apply nGMCA on liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry data. Observation of these data show that they are contaminated by multiplicative noise, which greatly deteriorates the results of the NMF algorithms. An extension of nGMCA was designed to take into account this type of noise, thanks to the use of a non-stationary prior. This extension is then able to obtain excellent results on annotated real data.